Characteristics of a good Bookkeeper
Finding the right Bookkeeper doesn’t have to be a tedious task. If you put forward the proper effort and research, you will find that a minimal amount of time would be spent in this process. I thoroughly believe in doing my homework up front when it comes to making key business decisions. So, to make your process easier, I am supplying you with these necessary tools. Let’s take a look at some important characteristics of a good Bookkeeper.
Detail oriented
Attention to detail is a must! Imagine having a person who doesn’t read the fine print or always looks for shortcuts. Or even worse, imagine trying to make a deposit not knowing who paid you the money or for what service. Believe it or not, this does happen. Being thorough in your documentation is critical to accurately reporting your financial information. A good Bookkeeper will know this. They should be able to determine what information is necessary and what’s not.
Must love numbers
We always hear about how important it is to have a passion for what you do. Whether it’s a hobby, your profession, or your business, it makes good sense to enjoy it. Hence, it makes perfect sense that you not only like, but love dealing with numbers. Working with numbers requires that you have a clear understanding of math, and that you are not intimidated by its concepts. Math is such an exact science. There are no maybes in summing up totals or calculating balances. Either its right or wrong! It takes great courage to deal on this level with a very small margin of error. I’m not trying to scare you here; just trying to stress the importance of taking responsibility for numerical accuracy.
Analytical
A good Bookkeeper will have the necessary skills to be able to review and decipher information for varied purposes. They must be able to understand what to look for and how it impacts the entire picture. The ability to create what-if scenarios will also come into play. For planning purposes, analysis of financial documents is crucial to making important decisions such as, how much financing could be needed for expansion, the affordability of benefits, or the necessity of working capital.
Time Management
My favorite acronym applies here. PPP-Planning promotes progress! A good Bookkeeper knows how to organize their time for optimum results. This involves creating an audit of how your time is spent. The right Bookkeeper will:
1. Determine which tasks have priority over others.
2. Always allow time to focus on problems and their solutions.
3. Schedule for weekly reviews and updates.
4. Not multi-task. This one is tricky because the common practice is to multi-task. Although this is a desirable quality, I’ve found it best to focus on one task to its completion before moving to another. In my opinion this approach yields better results when given the time to focus solely on that task.
Technology guru (or somewhat)
Without a doubt, this proves to be one of the most important characteristics. Everything today is automated, and it doesn’t make sense to partner with someone who is not technologically inclined. Software is used in all aspects of business today. I can’t think of anyone today who uses a manual system. And if they do, believe me, in their search they will be looking for someone who can bring them into the twentieth century. Being wise as to selecting the right software and knowing how to integrate it into the business will improve productivity and performance. The right Bookkeeper will have the skills to accomplish this. They will also know how to troubleshoot for problems, provide installation, configuration, and conversion.
Knowing what to look for in a Bookkeeper is half the battle of finding one. Take your time and make a careful assessment and you’ll be on your way to better bookkeeping.
Partnering for your success
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
The Owner’s Paycheck: How to Get Paid from Your Company
The form of ownership that you choose to operate your business under will determine the method in which you pay yourself a salary. Making this decision in the start up phase requires much research and should be handled with care. We choose our form of ownership, mainly based on the potential tax consequence that we expect. Of course, our goal is to pay as little taxes as possible into the system, so the form of ownership chosen helps to achieve this goal. There are clear advantages and disadvantages based on each method available.
As a small business, many people survive from the earnings from operations. But the key here is to remember to keep your business and personal expenses separate. So the questions is, “How do I pay myself, and what impact does it have on my taxes?” Let’s look at some of the ways a business owner can pay themselves a salary from the earnings of their business.
Sole Proprietors and LLCs
Taking money out your business or paying yourself under these forms of ownership, the owner will be responsible for self-employment taxes on any profits that remain in the business whether withdrawn or not. Because this income is not subject to withholding, the owner could also become responsible for making estimated quarterly tax payments. The estimated tax payments will account for both the self-employment tax along with income tax. The self-employment tax is the equivalent of what an employer’s payroll tax would be for FICA and Medicare. The disadvantage here would be that the owner is fully responsible for the entire tax, whereas corporations are not. The corporation is only responsible for half of the FICA taxes; Social Security (12.4%) and Medicare (2.9%) tax; with the employee paying the other half.
Many owners become confused because they believe that since they are paying the self employment tax, that they are not subject to any further taxation. This is not true. The money you withdraw from your business is still subject to income taxes and you must report this income on your form 1040. The key point to remember here is that, although you are not subject to payroll taxes, you are still required to pay into the system by way of self employment and income taxes. The advantage here is the owner gets a deduction on its taxes for paying self employment taxes, where the owner of a corporation doesn’t. For tax purposes you can elect to have your LLC taxed as a corporation, but be aware that making this choice involves very complex rules and regulations. It’s best to stick with what makes sense for you.
Corporations
If you are established as this form of business, the payment to yourself would be made in the form of a salary through payroll. Under this method, you are subject to payroll taxes, which include income (federal and state), and FICA (Social Security and Medicare). One of the key advantages of corporations is that the owners are not liable for self-employment taxes for profits retained in the business. As with Sole Proprietorships and LLCs, you saw that profits are taxed whether paid out or retained in the business. However, a corporation will be subject to unemployment taxes for both federal and state. The employee does not share in this expense. So, the difference here comes in the classification of a corporation being an entity separate from its owners. Because of this, it has an entire different tax profile than the Sole Proprietor or the LLC. The corporation and its owners are taxed separately. Each must file its own tax form.
Deciding on your method of payment simply comes down to how it must be reported for tax purposes. Take the time to do the research so that you can choose the best method based on your company’s profile.
Partnering for your success!
Jacqueline E. Williams
Financial Strategist
What Accounting Basis means for your business
Deciding on which basis of accounting to use for your business will determine how you record your transactions in any given period. Of the several methods, whichever is chosen, the business owner must be consistent in its use thereof for tax reporting and bookkeeping purposes. In order to change, they must file a request with the IRS. The most common bases of accounting are the accrual basis, the cash basis, and the income tax basis.
The accrual basis of accounting records transactions in the same period of which the related transaction occurs, regardless of whether cash is received or not. For instance, if you purchase equipment in 2009, but don’t pay for it until 2010, under the accrual method you would still include the purchase on your books for 2009. The purpose here is to match the income and expenses in the same period. The IRS has clearly defined tests that outline these events. For instance, income is considered earned on the earliest date of these occurrences:
• When you receive payment.
• When the income amount is due to you.
• When you earn the income.
• When title has passed.
And expenses become deductible when:
• The all-events test has been met. The test is met when:
- All events have occurred that fix the fact of liability, and
- The liability can be determined with reasonable accuracy.
• Economic performance has occurred.
The cash basis of accounting records transactions when cash is collected or paid. Using the same example above is you purchase equipment in 2009, but don’t pay for it until 2010, under the cash method you would include the purchase in 2010, when cash is paid. Income includes amounts that you actually or constructively received and expenses include amounts that you actually paid or contest owing. But it does not include amounts that were paid in advance. Expenses paid in advance must be capitalized or recorded as assets.
The income tax basis of accounting is the method used to file your taxes. It’s a combination of the cash basis and the accrual basis. Although businesses are allowed to take this approach, the IRS does impose restrictions on its use. Some of those restrictions would be:
• If an inventory is necessary to account for your income, you must use an accrual method for purchases and sales.
• If you use the cash method for reporting your income, you must use the cash method for reporting your expenses.
• If you use an accrual method for reporting your expenses, you must use an accrual method for figuring your income.
Whatever method you choose to report your income and expenses, it must be held consistent throughout. Just remember to choose a method that best reflects your reporting of income and expenses.
Partnering for your success!
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
Hooray for Ratios: The analysis paralysis of financial statements
Analyzing your company’s performance is crucial to making determinations surrounding your investment activities. The objectives you define are generally based on your company’s current and past financial performance. If you’ve ever heard of benchmarks, then you know that the results you determine from your analysis are useless unless you have something to compare them too. Analyzing your company’s financial activities involves using specific methods of investigation. Ratio analysis involves studying the relationship between two or more items on your financial statements. With ratio analysis you’ll be able to make key financial decisions such as; which areas need improvement, which areas are profitable, are you meeting your cash requirements, and are you meeting your obligations. The most common of these analysis are:
Current Ratio
Inventory turnover Ratio
Profit margin on sales
Days sales outstanding ratio
Debt to total assets ratio
Current Ratio
This ratio determines is a company is able to meet its current obligations. In other words, are you able to pay off your current liabilities? Typically a current ratio of 2:1 states that a company is able to meet its current obligations. Also known as the Quick Ratio, it is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.
Inventory Turnover Ratio
This ratio evaluates your inventory and states how many time in a year your inventory is sold or replaced. A low ratio would imply that a company has excess inventory on hand. For example, if a company has an inventory ratio of 6.3, this would mean that inventory would have to be restocked at least 6 times in a year. In this example, sales are good because your products are moving. This ratio is calculated by dividing Cost of Goods sold by the average inventory. The average inventory is calculated by adding the beginning and ending inventory balances and dividing this total by two.
Profit Margin on Sales
This ratio determines how profitable a company has been. It is calculated by dividing the Net Profit for the year by total sales. When compared with prior periods, this ratio is revealing in that shows whether a firm is operating efficiently and able to compete successfully with its competitors. For example: if your net profit is 1,000,00 and your sales are 15,000,000,then your profit margin would be 6.67%. This means that for every dollar of sales, your company made .06 cents profit. When calculating this ratio be sure to reflect net profit which deducts cost of goods sold along with operating expenses.
Days sales outstanding ratio
Based on daily sales activity, this ratio determines how long it takes to get paid after making a sale. It is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable by the average sales per day. It’s important to monitor this ratio closely as it directly affects your cash flow.
Debt to total assets ratio
This ratio represents the total debt as a percentage of total assets. It is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. A low ratio indicates that a company is more likely able to pay its creditors with a reduction in assets, whereas a higher ratio would mean that it would hurt the company to reduce its assets in order to make its payables.
There exist over 20 various ratios that company’s can use to examine and evaluate their financial standing. Using ratio analysis allows you to make decisions concerning credit, management style, and whether the processes chosen are effective in accomplishing the company’s goals.
Partnering for your success
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
DESIGN A BOOKKEEPING SYSTEM THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Your company’s financial records are the window into the soul of your company. Developing a system should be one the first tasks on your agenda when establishing your company. Of course, most of us wait until we’ve begun operations, and then we accumulate a mound of paperwork. At this point, either one of two things happen; you ignore that mound until you can’t ignore it anymore, or you’ll pass it off to someone else to handle for you. That’s why it’s advantageous to create your system in the beginning of your operations. You’ll save time and money.
Your bookkeeping system should be designed specifically for your type of industry and it should be modified to represent the uniqueness of your particular company. If designed correctly, your bookkeeping system will not be too complex and it will provide you with pertinent financial data at the click of a mouse. To set up the proper system for your company a Bookkeeper will ask a series of questions to gain insight into the type of business you have, and from that information he/she will be able to advise as to the type of transactions and the establishment of the chart of accounts. In the beginning, your chart of accounts will provided very basic data due to the fact that not a lot of activity is occurring at that point. However, it should contain the necessary information for financial reporting and tax reporting. As your company grows, so will your chart of accounts. Your bookkeeping system should be flexible in that it needs to accommodate the addition of various financial statements that management would use such as a balance sheet, an income statement, budgeting, cash flows, etc.
Creating accounts and posting transactions are not the only components of a good bookkeeping system. A good system will include controls to make sure that the data captured and presented is done accurately. For instance processing cash receipts, paying bills, and entering invoices; all these tasks should be clearly documented as to the responsible party, the actual procedures involved, and the responsibility for the review of or oversight of these functions. And most importantly, automation is key. Although you may feel that in the beginning it’s not necessary, do yourself a favor today and make sure that your bookkeeping system is automated. Manual bookkeeping systems are outdated and inefficient. Automated systems provide a higher degree of accuracy, and prevent you from having to set up ledgers, journals and accounts that you aren’t familiar with.
It’s not too late to give your current system an overhaul. Have your Bookkeeper review it today!
Partnering for your success
Jacqueline E. Williams
Financial Strategist