Bookkeeping Challenge Questions
Ever been faced with a bookkeeping challenge and didn’t know where to turn to have your questions answered? Well here’s your chance. Ask your questions about bookkeeping and managing your company’s books and we’ll respond to you within 36 hours. Just leave your questions in the comments below.
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Hooray for Ratios: The analysis paralysis of financial statements
Analyzing your company’s performance is crucial to making determinations surrounding your investment activities. The objectives you define are generally based on your company’s current and past financial performance. If you’ve ever heard of benchmarks, then you know that the results you determine from your analysis are useless unless you have something to compare them too. Analyzing your company’s financial activities involves using specific methods of investigation. Ratio analysis involves studying the relationship between two or more items on your financial statements. With ratio analysis you’ll be able to make key financial decisions such as; which areas need improvement, which areas are profitable, are you meeting your cash requirements, and are you meeting your obligations. The most common of these analysis are:
Current Ratio
Inventory turnover Ratio
Profit margin on sales
Days sales outstanding ratio
Debt to total assets ratio
Current Ratio
This ratio determines is a company is able to meet its current obligations. In other words, are you able to pay off your current liabilities? Typically a current ratio of 2:1 states that a company is able to meet its current obligations. Also known as the Quick Ratio, it is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.
Inventory Turnover Ratio
This ratio evaluates your inventory and states how many time in a year your inventory is sold or replaced. A low ratio would imply that a company has excess inventory on hand. For example, if a company has an inventory ratio of 6.3, this would mean that inventory would have to be restocked at least 6 times in a year. In this example, sales are good because your products are moving. This ratio is calculated by dividing Cost of Goods sold by the average inventory. The average inventory is calculated by adding the beginning and ending inventory balances and dividing this total by two.
Profit Margin on Sales
This ratio determines how profitable a company has been. It is calculated by dividing the Net Profit for the year by total sales. When compared with prior periods, this ratio is revealing in that shows whether a firm is operating efficiently and able to compete successfully with its competitors. For example: if your net profit is 1,000,00 and your sales are 15,000,000,then your profit margin would be 6.67%. This means that for every dollar of sales, your company made .06 cents profit. When calculating this ratio be sure to reflect net profit which deducts cost of goods sold along with operating expenses.
Days sales outstanding ratio
Based on daily sales activity, this ratio determines how long it takes to get paid after making a sale. It is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable by the average sales per day. It’s important to monitor this ratio closely as it directly affects your cash flow.
Debt to total assets ratio
This ratio represents the total debt as a percentage of total assets. It is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. A low ratio indicates that a company is more likely able to pay its creditors with a reduction in assets, whereas a higher ratio would mean that it would hurt the company to reduce its assets in order to make its payables.
There exist over 20 various ratios that company’s can use to examine and evaluate their financial standing. Using ratio analysis allows you to make decisions concerning credit, management style, and whether the processes chosen are effective in accomplishing the company’s goals.
Partnering for your success
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
Setting up reminders in Quick Books
With our busy lives it’s hard to remember everything we have to do or every place we need to be. This can be especially true for small business. You have to wear many hats in your profession and sometimes it can be a bit overwhelming. Thank God for technology! Today, many businesses, including individuals, rely on technology to help keep them organized and focused. With items such as Palm, MS Office, and other technology oriented personal assistants, we are able to stay on top of our busy schedules.
In the realm of bookkeeping, many software programs have tools and add-ons to help keep you organized. For instance, Quick Books has a wonderful feature called “Reminders” which helps you to keep track of all the tasks you perform in the software. It shows pending items such as outstanding bills and customer invoices, items you need to act on, and also, as the name states, items you need to be reminded of. This feature will also posts notices or alerts about any QuickBooks business services that need your attention, such as software updates. This is an excellent tool for making sure that certain repetitive tasks are handled.
Setting up this feature is very simple to do.
Log into QuickBooks and open your company file
- Go to the Edit menu and click Preferences.
- In the Preferences window, click Reminders in the list on the left.
- Click the Company Preferences tab.
- For each type of task listed, choose a preference: Show summary, Show list or Don’t remind me.
- For date-driven events, enter the number of days in advance that you want QuickBooks to add a reminder to the list.
- To have the reminders window open every time you start QuickBooks, click the My Preferences tab and select the Show Reminders when opening a company file checkbox.
- Click OK.
At this point you are ready to use the list. On the company menu, choose “reminders”. Once here you can view, add, or modify existing reminders. Keep in mind, this feature is only as useful as the information you place in it. It would be a good practice to set this up at the start of your file, and each time a new event occurs, update it accordingly.
There we have it! Another Bookkeeping Success profile to help you manage your records effectively!
Partnering for your Success
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
BOOKKEEPER CHOICES-WHO DO I CHOOSE?
Taking charge of who will post your bookkeeping entries
Whose gonna post this stuff? The first of many questions to be asked when trying to determine whose responsibility it will be to head up the accounting function. Many will take the road of the “least expensive” and try to do it themselves. But soon will find out that they’ve bit off more than they can chew. Next thing you know, it’s pushed to the side, and the old attitude of “I’ll handle this later” takes control. Soon afterwards, the paper pile has grown to an insurmountable heap! How do we avoid this scenario from playing over, and over again? Planning is the key to success! Decide whose responsibility it will be to handle this very important function, and delegate, delegate, delegate. But still, “What are my options?” you may ask. And, based on the options available to you, who will best fit this profile?
Local Yokels
These are the professionals in close proximity to your physical location. If you plan on having someone visit your office to service your needs, this can be the best solution. This choice will also help to save on travel charges. A good local professional will be in tune with the markets & economic development in the area. They generally are very familiar with local businesses and their products or services.
A friend of a friend of a friend
You remember being at last year’s barbecue, talking with Uncle Sonny about your problem, and he referred his wife’s cousin’s boyfriend’s daughter, because she just graduated from college with a degree in accounting. Do you choose her? Well, you’d better think twice. Referrals can be a great source of information, but remember to do your homework first. Interview this person and get feedback from other clients or associates in the industry. If you’re still skeptical, then ask for a free trial period of services.
Jack of all trades, master of none!
None other than Me, Myself, and I. We are all familiar with the business owner who tries to do it all themselves. What usually happens is that they end up spinning their wheels trying to figure out something, which doesn’t make absolute sense to them. This is very time consuming and costly. The resources spent in this vicious cycle could be better used in other areas of the business. But what of the business owner who has skills in this area? There is a belief that even the Accountant should have an Accountant to manage his/her records. Stop being “The Jack of All Trades, and Master of None”. Use your talents where they are best suited. For everything else, outsource or delegate to other professionals in the business. Allow those who have the time and expertise to do the job right. In the long run it will be well worth it.
Partnering for Your Success!
Jacqueline Ford
Financial Strategist
Financial Reporting – Give it to me in plain English please!
Financial reporting is the key important concept in summarizing your financial data. It reveals what you’ve done, right or wrong, and shows where your company is headed. Financial reports allow you to analyze your business to determine its proper course of action. From its information you’ll be able to create projections and what-if scenarios, calculate ratios, budget and forecast data. When compiled properly, the data within is a powerful tool for managing your company. Let’s look at some specifics of financial reporting.
THE BASIC STATEMENTS
Listed are the most commonly used statements and their key elements.
- Balance Sheet- this statement is generally referred to as the “Statement of Financial Position”. It reflects the position of a company on a specified date and is comprised of Assets, Liabilities, Owner’s Equity (Capital). Assets reflect ownership of tangible and intangible items. Liabilities reflect amounts that are owed to creditors. Owner’s Equity or Capital Accounts reflect the owner’s investment in the company. It includes owner’s contributions, withdrawals, and accumulated net profits in the business.
- Income Statement- Also referred to as the “Profit and Loss Statement” reflects all the income and expenses incurred for a specified period of time. It calculates the net ending result for the period, whether it’s a profit (positive ending balance) or loss (negative ending balance).
- Cash flow – this statement reflects the flow of cash for a period of time. It reveals where the cash comes from, who it will be paid to, and when it will be paid out. This is one of the key statements used in the budgeting process.
- Statement of Owner’s Equity – this statement summarizes the activity that occurred in the Owner’s Capital section of the balance sheet, which was mentioned earlier. Changes to this account involve owner’s investments, withdrawals, and net change to operations or net profit or loss.
WHO USES THESE STATEMENTS
- Banks and financial institutions – when your company needs capital (money) for expansion or for daily operations, requests for loans or lines of credit are made through banks and other financial institutions. These potential lenders are interested in your company’s ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on loans due. Their decision to lend or not to lend is dependent upon the analysis of the information in your financial statements. Essentially it must be determined that the expected debt does not exceed your expected receivables.
- Creditors/Suppliers – purchasing supplies and materials is not always done on a cash basis. Dependent upon your credit standing and payment history, your suppliers may allow you to purchase on account, or on credit. Suppliers may ask for your company statements to help them in their decision making process.
- Investors – when the time comes that you are looking to expand your operations, but don’t have the necessary funding to do so, another alternative is to turn to investors. Investors will want to know if your company’s financial position is viable. In other words, what’s the potential for profit? A sound well defined business plan with financial projections will reveal the expected potential success.
DON’T TRY THIS AT HOME UNLESS YOU’RE A BOOKKEEPER
With all the pertinent and sensitive information contained in these statements, it’s extremely important that they are accurate. But how do we know this? The typical small business person(s) become very confused with the input and output of data that’s needed to be reflected in these statements. Some may go as far as to educate themselves on basic accounting principles, while others will rely solely on their software program to organize it for them. As I always say, “NO, UNLESS YOU KNOW”. Posting entries without a good understanding of accounting will subject your company to many bookkeeping errors. Not knowing the ins and outs of entries can be more trouble than it’s worth. You will end up spending unnecessary time to correct them, which in the long run, will cost you valuable man hours. Do yourself the favor, if you have any doubts about posting bookkeeping entries, ask the experts, or outsource this function completely so you won’t have to worry about it.
Knowledge is power. Having a basic understanding of bookkeeping entries will give you the confidence needed to be able to ask the right questions when dealing with your statements.
Here’s to your knowing!
Jacqueline Ford
Financial Strategist