Hooray for Ratios: The analysis paralysis of financial statements
Analyzing your company’s performance is crucial to making determinations surrounding your investment activities. The objectives you define are generally based on your company’s current and past financial performance. If you’ve ever heard of benchmarks, then you know that the results you determine from your analysis are useless unless you have something to compare them too. Analyzing your company’s financial activities involves using specific methods of investigation. Ratio analysis involves studying the relationship between two or more items on your financial statements. With ratio analysis you’ll be able to make key financial decisions such as; which areas need improvement, which areas are profitable, are you meeting your cash requirements, and are you meeting your obligations. The most common of these analysis are:
Current Ratio
Inventory turnover Ratio
Profit margin on sales
Days sales outstanding ratio
Debt to total assets ratio
Current Ratio
This ratio determines is a company is able to meet its current obligations. In other words, are you able to pay off your current liabilities? Typically a current ratio of 2:1 states that a company is able to meet its current obligations. Also known as the Quick Ratio, it is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.
Inventory Turnover Ratio
This ratio evaluates your inventory and states how many time in a year your inventory is sold or replaced. A low ratio would imply that a company has excess inventory on hand. For example, if a company has an inventory ratio of 6.3, this would mean that inventory would have to be restocked at least 6 times in a year. In this example, sales are good because your products are moving. This ratio is calculated by dividing Cost of Goods sold by the average inventory. The average inventory is calculated by adding the beginning and ending inventory balances and dividing this total by two.
Profit Margin on Sales
This ratio determines how profitable a company has been. It is calculated by dividing the Net Profit for the year by total sales. When compared with prior periods, this ratio is revealing in that shows whether a firm is operating efficiently and able to compete successfully with its competitors. For example: if your net profit is 1,000,00 and your sales are 15,000,000,then your profit margin would be 6.67%. This means that for every dollar of sales, your company made .06 cents profit. When calculating this ratio be sure to reflect net profit which deducts cost of goods sold along with operating expenses.
Days sales outstanding ratio
Based on daily sales activity, this ratio determines how long it takes to get paid after making a sale. It is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable by the average sales per day. It’s important to monitor this ratio closely as it directly affects your cash flow.
Debt to total assets ratio
This ratio represents the total debt as a percentage of total assets. It is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total assets. A low ratio indicates that a company is more likely able to pay its creditors with a reduction in assets, whereas a higher ratio would mean that it would hurt the company to reduce its assets in order to make its payables.
There exist over 20 various ratios that company’s can use to examine and evaluate their financial standing. Using ratio analysis allows you to make decisions concerning credit, management style, and whether the processes chosen are effective in accomplishing the company’s goals.
Partnering for your success
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
Top 10 Reasons to Use a Virtual Bookkeeper
How much is your time worth?
Having a virtual bookkeeper is fast becoming an essential need for the busy entrepreneur, small business owner and person on the run. With the advent of new technologies and ways of doing business, the VB is here to help you along your way. Below are ten reasons to hire a Virtual Bookkeeper.
1. Focus on the business of making money.
Having a VB allows you the freedom to create more profitability for your company by allowing you to concentrate solely on your business, not the mundane tasks that are inherent in business. Making money is what business people do and the more time they have to concentrate on their business, the more money and opportunity they will create.
2. Saves you money.
Why invest in payroll, benefits, insurance, etc., when you could be delegating that money to building your business. Why worry about personnel calling in sick or taking vacations? There is no need to hire in-house personnel when a Vb can be there when you need them to perform the duties that you need in running your business.
3. Freedom to pursue pleasurable activities.
Having a VB work with you frees you up to pursue the activities that help keep your creative juices flowing. When you are bogged down wondering if the bills are paid, you are not thinking about new and exciting ways in which your business could be growing.
4. One-stop shopping.
A VB can perform duties that range from QuickBooks support & training, complete data entry & journal entries, accounts receivables/payables, reconciliations, financial statements, complete payroll, taxes, notary services, & sales & use tax reporting. There is no records management duty that a VB cannot perform or would be willing to learn.
5. Tailored to fit your needs.
Whether you need in-house training & support or would like to outsource completely, a VB can perform these duties. They are structured to fit each individual client’s needs. Fees are arranged for monthly pricing packages to hourly consultant rates. Whatever your needs are, the VB and you create your own individual working partnership.
6. Freedom to work from any location.
Whether you are in your office, your home or on vacation in Tahiti, a VB is always accessible to you. Contact is maintained through telephone, fax, E-mail, and online messaging.
7. Delegate time-consuming responsibilities.
Let a VB take care of those responsibilities so that you may pursue (worry-free) the business of living your life and running your business.
8. Highly trained personnel.
VBs are professionals that have training in the corporate, small business and professional world and have tailored their skills to meet with the needs of the modern day business professional. They have found that every professional has varying needs and offer their expertise in caring for these needs.
9. Individual service provided.
For the entrepreneur, freelancer or small business, it is important that your particular needs are seen as unique. A VB is the person who will oversee your records management system. They can train & develop your staff, maintain your general ledger, pay your vendors, invoice your clients, pay employees & payroll taxes, generate periodic reports for management review, or reconcile your accounts monthly. They act as your partner in caring for those tasks personally.
10. Let their strengths be your strength.
Why waste time on tasks that are not your primary objective? Being a successful business owner entails hiring the right people for the right job. By hiring a VB, you are partnering with the professional that has the knowledge of the inner workings of the financial and corporate fields.
JANUARY SPECIAL: Save 20% on bookkeeping services. Contact us today for details!
Jacqueline Williams
Financial Strategist
Twas the night before Christmas
Twas the night before Christmas………………
While we shop through the mall
We rush and we hurry, having no fun at all
We’re feeling the pressure to buy one last gift
In hopes that our conscious will get quite a lift
As we open our wallets, and pull out a card
A struggle within us asks “Why is this hard?”
The pressure to buy, the pressure to spend
The struggle within us wants the misery to end
So we gently put the card back in its place
Feeling guilty, but trying our best to save face
So we think and we ponder about what really matters
As it comes to us clearly, amidst noise and the clatter
This season is not about money or things
This season is about the joy that one brings
The peace, the harmony, the happiness and love
Are all the things we should really think of
So let’s join our forces and pray with great might
That we realize there’s no need to struggle or fight
What we really should be thinking about instead
Is the human experience we share that’s widespread
So forget that last gift, and head home with great speed
Have the happiest, safest, holiday indeed.
Jacqueline E. Ford
Financial Poet
Financial Reporting – Give it to me in plain English please!
Financial reporting is the key important concept in summarizing your financial data. It reveals what you’ve done, right or wrong, and shows where your company is headed. Financial reports allow you to analyze your business to determine its proper course of action. From its information you’ll be able to create projections and what-if scenarios, calculate ratios, budget and forecast data. When compiled properly, the data within is a powerful tool for managing your company. Let’s look at some specifics of financial reporting.
THE BASIC STATEMENTS
Listed are the most commonly used statements and their key elements.
- Balance Sheet- this statement is generally referred to as the “Statement of Financial Position”. It reflects the position of a company on a specified date and is comprised of Assets, Liabilities, Owner’s Equity (Capital). Assets reflect ownership of tangible and intangible items. Liabilities reflect amounts that are owed to creditors. Owner’s Equity or Capital Accounts reflect the owner’s investment in the company. It includes owner’s contributions, withdrawals, and accumulated net profits in the business.
- Income Statement- Also referred to as the “Profit and Loss Statement” reflects all the income and expenses incurred for a specified period of time. It calculates the net ending result for the period, whether it’s a profit (positive ending balance) or loss (negative ending balance).
- Cash flow – this statement reflects the flow of cash for a period of time. It reveals where the cash comes from, who it will be paid to, and when it will be paid out. This is one of the key statements used in the budgeting process.
- Statement of Owner’s Equity – this statement summarizes the activity that occurred in the Owner’s Capital section of the balance sheet, which was mentioned earlier. Changes to this account involve owner’s investments, withdrawals, and net change to operations or net profit or loss.
WHO USES THESE STATEMENTS
- Banks and financial institutions – when your company needs capital (money) for expansion or for daily operations, requests for loans or lines of credit are made through banks and other financial institutions. These potential lenders are interested in your company’s ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on loans due. Their decision to lend or not to lend is dependent upon the analysis of the information in your financial statements. Essentially it must be determined that the expected debt does not exceed your expected receivables.
- Creditors/Suppliers – purchasing supplies and materials is not always done on a cash basis. Dependent upon your credit standing and payment history, your suppliers may allow you to purchase on account, or on credit. Suppliers may ask for your company statements to help them in their decision making process.
- Investors – when the time comes that you are looking to expand your operations, but don’t have the necessary funding to do so, another alternative is to turn to investors. Investors will want to know if your company’s financial position is viable. In other words, what’s the potential for profit? A sound well defined business plan with financial projections will reveal the expected potential success.
DON’T TRY THIS AT HOME UNLESS YOU’RE A BOOKKEEPER
With all the pertinent and sensitive information contained in these statements, it’s extremely important that they are accurate. But how do we know this? The typical small business person(s) become very confused with the input and output of data that’s needed to be reflected in these statements. Some may go as far as to educate themselves on basic accounting principles, while others will rely solely on their software program to organize it for them. As I always say, “NO, UNLESS YOU KNOW”. Posting entries without a good understanding of accounting will subject your company to many bookkeeping errors. Not knowing the ins and outs of entries can be more trouble than it’s worth. You will end up spending unnecessary time to correct them, which in the long run, will cost you valuable man hours. Do yourself the favor, if you have any doubts about posting bookkeeping entries, ask the experts, or outsource this function completely so you won’t have to worry about it.
Knowledge is power. Having a basic understanding of bookkeeping entries will give you the confidence needed to be able to ask the right questions when dealing with your statements.
Here’s to your knowing!
Jacqueline Ford
Financial Strategist
Basic Bookkeeping Strategies: Part 3
Posting transactions. But I’m not an accountant
Don’t allow yourself to become intimidated by the bookkeeping process. It can be easier than you think. Understanding the basics of accounting will help you to feel more comfortable with processing your transactions. If you remember in part 1, I gave you the basic categories of classifying your bookkeeping data; assets, liabilities, expenses and income. Go through each of your entries and determine which category to post your transaction to. The majority of your items will be posted as expenses. Simply put, all items paid for with cash, which you do not have ownership of, will be classified as an expense. Items purchased that represent ownership will be classified as an asset. Items purchased on credit, will have an offsetting entry to a liability account. Money received for payment of goods and services will be posted to an income account. These entries are generally posted into some sort of register, such as the check register or bank account register. From there, all the entries will be placed in their proper statements. Still confused? If you’re using software, refer to the tutorial section. It will give you more details on how to post the transaction. Although most software will claim that you don’t’ need to know accounting in order to use it, I prefer to know a little bookkeeping theory, to help make sense of what you’re doing. As an alternative, you might want to consider signing up for a basic bookkeeping training or software course. Even if you decide to outsource your bookkeeping, it’s still best to have a basic understating in order to discuss the status of your books with others.